Shiur summary (draft from the recording)
Small house: eruvin, ibbur, and burganin
ואין מערבין בו
Sukkah 3b · from line 8 · Friday, April 24, 2026
The sugya
Continuing the Braisa about a house smaller than 4x4 amos. After a short review of the halachos that depend on the word 'bayis', the shiur learned the three eruv halachos: one cannot put an eruv chatzeiros in such a house, but one can put a shituf mevo'os there, because it is no worse than a chatzer shebemavoi. This required the Gemara's correction of the Mishnah in Eruvin. The shiur then learned why the house cannot serve as an ibbur to join two cities, since unlike burganin it is not fit for its purpose, and ended with a review.
Step by step (shakla v’tarya)
- ChazarahReview: the small house is not treated as a house in a walled city, and a person cannot use it to escape army conscription. All of these five halachos apply only to a real house because the Torah writes 'bayis' by all of them.
- ChazarahThe Gemara established that the machlokes of Rebbi and the Rabbanan about 4x4 is only about sukkah. For a house to be considered a house, everyone agrees it needs 4x4.
- GemaraLine 11: ein me'arvin bo, ein mishtatfin bo, ein manichin bo eruv. The eruv makes everyone as if they live in one house, so they may carry from house to house within a chatzer and from chatzer to chatzer within a mavoi.
- Only two eruvin are under discussion: eruvei chatzeiros and shitufei mevo'os. 'Shituf' means joining or partnership. 'Manichin bo' refers to where the eruv is placed.
- GemaraLines 13-14: the Gemara makes a diyuk. Eruvei chatzeiros ein manichin bo, but a shituf manichin bo. The reason is lo gara mechatzer shebemavoi: the house is no worse than a courtyard in the alley.
- Ra'ayahSource that a shituf may be placed in a chatzer shebemavoi: the Mishnah in Eruvin, 'eruvei chatzeiros bechatzer, shitufei mevo'os bemavoi'.
- KashaV'havinan bah: another Mishnah teaches that one who places his eruv in a beis sha'ar, achsadra or mirpeses, eino eruv, and one who lives there eino oser. So how can an eruv chatzeiros go in the chatzer?
- Terms: beis sha'ar is a vestibule, lobby or guarded gate area at the entrance to the courtyard. Achsadra is a portico on the ground floor. Mirpeses is a second-floor porch or balcony, like buildings with upper porches and shared stairwells.
- RashiEino oser: one who lives there does not restrict the others. He need not participate in the eruv, and he does not ruin it for anyone.
- TeirutzEla eima: eruvei chatzeiros babayis shebechatzer, and shitufei mevo'os bechatzer shebemavoi. Two words are missing from the Mishnah, almost like a chisurei mechsera. An eruv chatzeiros must be in a house in the chatzer.
- MaskanaThis fits the Braisa. One cannot keep the eruv chatzeiros in the small house, but one can keep the shituf there, because the house is no worse than a chatzer shebemavoi.
- KashaThe Rebbi asked: can a shituf mevo'os be placed in someone's house? It sounds like it can.
- RashiDiscussion of Rashi: the shituf need not be in a dirah. It could be in the open air in the chatzer, but it must be in a guarded place (makom hamishtamer).
- RashiRashi translates achsadra with a la'az, portico. It is on the ground floor, as opposed to the mirpeses, which is the upper one.
- ChazarahSummary of the Braisa so far: the first five halachos come from 'bayis', then three about eruvin.
- GemaraLine 22: ein osin oso ibbur bein shtei ayaros. The small house cannot serve as a protrusion to join two cities.
- Purpose of joining cities: if two cities, such as Waterbury and Naugatuck, are made one city, one may walk 2,000 amos from anywhere on the perimeter of both. Otherwise the walking distance on Shabbos is shorter.
- KashaWhy not join the cities with anything at all, even a little pen?
- GemaraAfilu k'burganin lo mashvinan leih: we do not even equate it to burganin. Burganin are huts, such as a temporary straw hut a hunter sets up for shelter. A real bayis is not needed, since even a hut would work.
- TeirutzBurganin chazu l'milsaihu, v'hai lo chazi l'milseih. A hut is fit for its own purpose, but this structure is meant to be a house and does not serve as one.
- ChazarahQuick review of the two Mishnayos in Eruvin, the correction 'babayis shebechatzer' and 'bechatzer shebemavoi', and the burganin reasoning.
Kashas
- The Mishnah says eruvei chatzeiros bechatzer, yet another Mishnah says an eruv placed in a beis sha'ar, achsadra or mirpeses is not an eruv. How can it go in the open chatzer?
- The Rebbi's question: may a shituf mevo'os be placed in someone's house?
- Why can the small house not join two cities? Why not join them with anything?
Teirutzim
- Ela eima: eruvei chatzeiros babayis shebechatzer, shitufei mevo'os bechatzer shebemavoi.
- A shituf may be placed in the small house because it is no worse than a chatzer shebemavoi.
- It seems the shituf need not be in a dirah. It may even be in the open chatzer, as long as the place is guarded.
- Burganin are fit for their purpose. The small house is meant to be a house and is not fit for that purpose, so it is not even equated to burganin.
Rashi & Tosafos
- Rashi: Eino oser means eino oser al ha'acherim: one who lives there does not restrict the others.
- Rashi: Indication that a shituf need not be in a dirah, but must be in a guarded place.
- Rashi: Achsadra is translated with the la'az 'portico'.
Mareh mekomos
- Mishnah in Eruvin, 'eruvei chatzeiros bechatzer, shitufei mevo'os bemavoi'. Cited as the source for placing a shituf in a chatzer shebemavoi.
- Mishnah in Eruvin, 'hanosein eruvo b'beis sha'ar, achsadra u'mirpeses eino eruv, v'hadar sham eino oser'. Cited for the kasha on the first Mishnah.
The Rebbi’s chiddushim
- The difference: an eruv chatzeiros joins the dwellings into one, so it must be in a house. A shituf joins the chatzeiros, so it need not be in a house.
- The Gemara's correction works like adding two missing words to the Mishnah, almost a chisurei mechsera.
- The Gemara does not require a dirah to join cities. It requires a legitimate structure that is fit for its purpose. A hut looks like a hut and serves as a hut, but this structure is neither a house nor a hut.
Unclear in recording
- The opening words, possibly naming the daf and amud, are unclear in recording.
- A Rashi quoted in reply to a talmid's question, whether the small house can be considered a chatzer, is unclear in recording.
- A talmid suggested that even a park on the edge of both cities might work. The response is unclear in recording.
Drafted from the recording of the shiur, for chazarah. Torah terms follow the Rebbi’s own words; anything that could not be made out is marked “unclear in recording”. Tap a time to hear that point. Corrections welcome.